Right-wing fundamentalists proselytize US military
According to a couple of articles by Stephen Glain, one in The Nation and one in Foreign Policy, right-wing fundamentalists have been allowed to proselytize in the United States military and in particular in the Air Force Academy. As far as I know, the only organization actively opposing these fundamentalists is the Military Religious Freedom Foundation, headed by Mikey Weinstein.
Glain details a number of abuses that have been brought to Weinstein's attention. Weinstein's first case, unless you count the time when he was a cadet and punched an officer who accused him of fabricating anti-Semitic threats against him, was a complaint by Weinstein's own son, a cadet at the Air Force Academy. Nearly 100 other cadets have also informed Weinstein that they have to pretend to be evangelical Christians, for example, by leaving Bibles and other religious texts on their bunks. Weinstein complained to the Air Force, whose investigation showed what Glain calls "predatory, top-down evangelicalism at the academy." Glain claims nevertheless that overt proselytizing is not just ignored but rather abetted by the military brass.
One of Weinstein's cases that stands out is that of Zachari Klawonn, a Muslim soldier stationed at Fort Hood. Harassed by his fellow soldiers, Klawonn was advised to find an apartment off the military base, because the Army brass would not guarantee his safety. Denied an off-base housing allowance, Klawonn appealed to Weinstein, who arranged for Klawonn to receive the housing allowance and also the services of a Muslim imam and a prayer room. Here, sunshine appears indeed to be the best disinfectant: Glain writes that the hostility against Klawonn has subsided as his case has been made public.
Other military personnel report having to attend sectarian lectures or listen to sermons. A Jewish soldier, who has since left the military, was subjected to anti-Semitic comments by his sergeant and his commanding officer, and was court-martialed on what he says are trumped-up charges. A young Catholic cadet was recruited by something called Cadets for Christ and discouraged from pursuing her military career in order to pursue what Glain calls "the divinely inspired role of wife and mother." The Air Force denies that the Cadets for Christ, a private group, has been allowed to proselytize, but "dozens" of cadets corroborate the fact.
The Military Religious Freedom Foundation had a budget in 2009 of about one-half million dollars, according to the Form 990 filed with the Internal Revenue Service. Weinstein, who is said to work countless hours in a day, was the only employee, apart from contractors, and his salary was about three-fifths of the total budget. If you read not so very far between the lines of Glain's articles, however, you find that Weinstein and his wife must have virtually bankrupted themselves founding MRFF. Even so, Weinstein apparently accepted no salary in 2007, the first year for which I could find a Form 990.
MRFF is up against organizations like Military Ministry, which is affiliated with Campus Crusade for Christ, which in turn has a budget about three orders of magnitude -- a factor of 1000 -- greater than that of MRFF (if I read Glain's syntax correctly). Glain quotes a retired Army general as saying that the Military Ministry "must pursue our...means for transforming the nation--through the military. And the military may be the most influential way to affect that spiritual superstructure." The military probably helped racially integrate the country, which in a way gives all the more reason to be afraid.
Weinstein's 20,000 clients have mostly been punished for their beliefs or have been actively proselytized. They are predominantly Catholics and Protestants, with a small number of Jews, Muslims, Wiccans, atheists, and homosexuals. Nevertheless, Weinstein is predictably subjected to anti-Semitic hate mail and death threats. He takes them seriously enough to have retained security experts and explosives experts, and he uses trained guard dogs and positions firearms in strategic locations in the house.
Weinstein told David Belden of the New Humanist magazine that he traced the problem to the ending of the draft in 1972. After 1972, the military became less representative of the population as a whole and more representative of rural and small-town America. Another factor, which Weinstein does not mention, is the departure of Reserve Officers' Training Corps from many northeastern college campuses; I, at least, would rather recruit military officers from Harvard and Rochester than from Bob Jones and Liberty. Perhaps less plausibly, Weinstein also implicates the admission of women to the Air Force Academy and the subsequent sexual-harassment scandal there; Weinstein thinks that evangelicals essentially convinced the military that they knew better how to train young men to respect young women. Additionality, Belden notes that beginning in the 1990's, for a number of reasons, the number of evangelical ministers in the military greatly increased while those from Catholic and mainline denominations decreased. At any rate, he says, European nations managed somehow to integrate women and homosexuals into their militaries; maybe the United States military needs to start teaching liberal values itself.
The Southern Poverty Law Center has documented a disquieting increase in the number of hate groups over the last decade; they now count just over 1000 such groups. They further document a startling increase in the number of "patriot" and militia groups from 149 in 2008 to 824 in 2010 -- and that is following a steep decline between 1995 and 2008. I do not want to suggest that any group that thinks it is the Only Right One and tries to convince others of its Rightness is necessarily a hate group. Only when that group begins to punish or persecute other people for not accepting its arguments does it adopt the mantle of a hate group. If the officers in the military and at the Air Force Academy permit the behavior that Weinstein has documented, however, then the military is getting dangerously close to the threshold. Combined with the growth of hate, "patriot," and militia organizations, the situation in the military and especially at the Academy is at a minimum grave cause for concern.
81 Comments
Dale Husband · 15 March 2011
This is news? I thought the U S military would be a natural haven for right-wing politics and bigoted religion, since it is by natural an authoritarian rather than a libertarian force. To those who claim we owe our freedom to soldiers, what about the fact that those soldiers are themselves not free to quit their jobs if they disagree with the mission they are sent to, unlike any other profession? What if they are ordered to attack their own people for protesting against the government? Some freedom we would have then!
eric · 15 March 2011
Mike Elzinga · 15 March 2011
nmgirl · 15 March 2011
Where mikey really needs help now is with a problem at Fort Bragg. Last year the base spent thousands of tax dollars bringing "Rock the Fort", a billy graham evangelical event to the fort. Soldiers who did not want to attend were not given liberty but confined to quarters and given punishment.,
In response, soldiers planned "Rock beyond Belief" this summer. Plans were being made, Richard Dawkins was to be a speaker and then suddenly on March 3rd, the base commander refused to sign a simple letter to let the event continue.
If you want to know more or can help, here's the link.
http://rockbeyondbelief.com/2011/03/07/demand-equal-treatment-for-the-armys-non-religious-soldiers/
nmgirl · 15 March 2011
I forgot part of the above post. The commander's actions were against the advice of his legal advisors.
DavidK · 15 March 2011
This issue seems off topic for PT. However, yes, this stuff has been going on for some time and the ACLU has intervened at times.(au.org) only to be ignored.
Example: recently Ft. Bragg senior officers sponsored a fundamentalist event (supported with tax $$) and punished anyone who didn't "voluntarily" attend. They promised equal support for a secular event but refused to follow through (http://blog.au.org/2011/03/07/fort-bragg-bias-military-fails-to-keep-promise-to-support-secularist-event/).
Hercules Grytpype-Thynne · 15 March 2011
truthspeaker · 15 March 2011
It's not really off-topic. The organizations that are doing this in the military are the same ones promoting creationism. It would be a big mistake not to recognize the organized and centralized nature of the American fundamentalist Christian movement.
Papaya · 15 March 2011
It is absolutely the case in the submarine force, and other "elite" forces that evangelical Christians subject their coworkers to similar constant tactics and an attempt to make their workplace a micro chasm of small-town evangelical America.
harold · 15 March 2011
truthspeaker · 15 March 2011
Mike Elzinga · 15 March 2011
harold · 15 March 2011
mrg · 15 March 2011
I find it EXTREMELY hard to believe that there is any real organizational support for religious proselytization in the irreverent military -- ever hear the things Colin Powell says off the record?
That there are fools in positions of local authority is perfectly possible, of course, but it would take a really stupid senior officer to fail to realize that he would be making a career decision to court a public controversy over religious tolerance issues.
Third rail and all that.
MAry H · 15 March 2011
Another organization that is in on the "fight" is Freedom from Religion Foundation. (FFRF). This isn't the first time I've heard about this. Considering that Colorado Springs is a major site for various fundie groups. The Air Force Academy had to be too much of a temptation for them to resist.
Lynn Wilhelm · 15 March 2011
Shebardigan · 15 March 2011
William Young · 16 March 2011
Evidently this is something recent. I served while the draft was in effect and after the end of the draft 1968-1994, and saw none of this. There was no proselytizing that I could see. There were such things a prayer breakfasts, which were voluntary and no repercussions if a person didn't attend.
Dale Husband · 16 March 2011
The Tim Channel · 16 March 2011
Colorado Springs wasn't the evangelical hotbed it is now when I was in the Air Force there in the late 70's. Matter of fact it was a pretty laid back town. I think Ted Haggard and his ilk are what killed it.
Enjoy.
Richard Keefe · 16 March 2011
"The Southern Poverty Law Center has documented a disquieting increase in the number of hate groups over the last decade; they now count just over 1000 such groups."
A few facts about the SPLC and "hate groups":
1. There is no legal definition for “hate group,” which is why even the FBI does not track “hate groups.”
2. The SPLC uses the deliberately meaningless term “hate groups” in its fund-raising propaganda precisely because it allows them to denigrate their perceived opponents without accusing them of any actual crimes.
3. The SPLC’s “Hate Map” is a fund-raising tool, nothing more. It provides no information whatsoever on the 1,002 alleged groups, in fact, the SPLC didn’t even bother to make up locations for 262 of the groups; that’s 26% of the total.
http://wp.me/pCLYZ-8u
Many of the alleged “groups” are listed twice in the same location. In many states, the percentage of phantom "groups" runs to 80-100%.
4. Since the SPLC is the sole arbiter of the meaningless “hate group” label, AND because SPLC fund-raising is directly tied to creating the illusion of an ever-increasing threat, it is in their direct financial interest to raise the numbers each year.
Since 2003, the SPLC has taken in more than a third of a BILLION dollars in tax-free cash, and yet the number of “hate groups” always goes up.
http://wp.me/pCLYZ-82
5. The most ironic (read: "hypocritical") thing about the Southern Poverty Law Center is that NOT ONE of its top ten, highest paid executives is a minority.
http://wp.me/pCLYZ-7m
In fact, according to the SPLC's hometown newspaper, the Montgomery Advertiser, despite being located LITERALLY in the back yard of Dr. Martin Luther King's home church, the SPLC has NEVER hired a person of color to a highly paid position of power in its entire 40 year history.
Some "experts"
John Kwok · 16 March 2011
John Kwok · 16 March 2011
Randy · 16 March 2011
Randy · 16 March 2011
I would add that one of the memories I have of my naval career is the chaplin standing on the quarter deck as we left to party in the Phillipines. He was handing out condoms and saying "have fun, be careful"
harold · 16 March 2011
Richard Keefe -
You seem to have commented on the final paragraph, which is somewhat tangential to the rest of the article.
May I ask you a few questions?
1) With regard to the actual topic at hand here, do you think military personnel should be subjected to unwanted, aggressive sectarian proselytizing?
2) Do you think that gatherings, festivals, or celebrations associated with some religious groups should receive preferential treatment, relative to those associated with other religious groups, within the military?
3) Your criticisms of the SPLC could be valid even if this is not true, but purely for full context...do you belong to a group, or hold opinions about the appropriate role of ethnicity in American society, that the SPLC might disapprove of? As I noted, even if this is the case, it would not necessarily invalidate your criticisms.
Please don't falsely accuse me of "assuming" anything, as all I am doing is asking questions.
Mark O · 16 March 2011
I was in the Navy as well from 85 to 91 and do not recall seeing any of this, but then it seems to me the whole world was more "live and let live" kind of attitude towards religion back then. I think the change came after 2000, when Bush was elected. Hence also was the Dover trials that spawned this site and piqued my interest as to why this foolishness exists in this day and age.
John Kwok · 16 March 2011
mrg · 16 March 2011
nmgirl · 16 March 2011
http://www.truth-out.org/armys-fitness-test-designed-psychologist-who-inspired-cias-torture-program-under-fire66577
The above is a link to information about the Army's spiritual fitness questionnaire. This program is required for all soldiers. It's not a local program.
mrg · 16 March 2011
I liked the subtitle of that link:
"Test Was Designed by Psychologist Who Inspired CIA's Torture Program"
That set off every last one of my "conspiracy theory baloney filter" alarms.
Again ... if there was a systematic problem here, it would be evident from other sources than the atheist sites. There are plenty of Jewish GIs, and since evangelicals often diss Catholics and Mormons, GIs of those persuasions would object, too.
If there was a systematic problem here, there would be a very loud WAR going on.
Matt Young · 16 March 2011
harold · 16 March 2011
Lynn Wilhelm · 16 March 2011
mrg are you saying you think the spiritual fitness thing is not real?
Justin talks about it in his Rock Beyond Belief blog. http://rockbeyondbelief.com/2011/01/05/smoking-gun-proves-mandatory-army-spiritual-fitness-test-is-religious-test-unconstitutional/
Chris Rodda · 16 March 2011
I saw a comment about this issue being off topic for PT, and thought I should let you guys know about something that makes it not so off topic. Part of the military's "Spiritual Fitness" scheme has been to push creationism as a means of suicide prevention. The "reasoning"? If you think you were created by god, you'll think your life has a purpose and won't kill yourself. I'm the Senior Research Director at MRFF, and you wouldn't believe all the crazy crap like this that I see. I wrote about one insane instance of it in the Air Force here:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-rodda/creationism-the-latest-in_b_147155.html
JASONMITCHELL · 16 March 2011
Larry Monte · 16 March 2011
If Weinstein punched an officer as a doolie at the Academy he would have been drummed out so fast. I think you better check your facts before you start accussing a man.
Richard Keefe · 16 March 2011
Chris Rodda · 16 March 2011
Matt Young · 16 March 2011
harold · 16 March 2011
Richard Keefe -
Thank you for that civil reply, and mild apologies for my second comment, which, although basically civil, is irritated in tone.
For the record, I have mixed feelings about the SPLC.
At this moment in time, I have more concern about the overall tone of right wing politics in the country than I do about possible exaggerations by the SPLC.
Also, we deal with creationists here, who never stop dissembling and using flawed logic; it makes some of us acutely sensitive to that type of thing.
I do stand by my analysis of some of your statements, but I am willing to retract some of my generalizations about you as a source.
nmgirl · 16 March 2011
John Kwok · 16 March 2011
Shebardigan · 16 March 2011
mrg · 16 March 2011
Well, I think I stop here -- because on the face of the argument presented, I can't think I have any reason to lose any sleep over it one way or another, and chattering on about it isn't a good use of my time.
vel · 16 March 2011
Richard Keefe · 16 March 2011
Flint · 16 March 2011
So is the SPLC tracking ANY trend outside of their own combination of the ideological desire to find enemies, and the financial desire to justify further contributions? Do changes in the number of "groups" point to anything like broad social directions, or just changes in the definition of a "group"?
mrg · 16 March 2011
A little poking around on this Richard Keefe indicates that he trolls the net for references to the SPLC and then posts much the same verbiage in response. Not that I pay much mind to the SPLC, but Keefe clearly has an axe to grind here, it's just unclear what it is. That should NOT imply a request for clarification, BTW.
harold · 16 March 2011
Richard Keefe -
You make some interesting points, but aren't you to some degree doing to the SPLC what you accuse them of doing to other groups?
The SPLC is ALSO engaging in free speech, which you don't like. As are we all.
The possibility that speech will be criticized is an essential component of free speech.
It's my habit to state my positions openly, in an unambiguous way, and to change them when I am proven to be wrong due to an error in logic or knowledge.
Unfortunately, it's undeniable that some people try to use vague and emotionally charged terms like "patriot", "liberty", "socialism", etc, to mask their true positions (while anticipating that those who share the same true positions will "break the code"). Many of the groups that the SPLC criticizes probably tend to use this technique. Those who point this out are doing public discourse a favor.
Richard Keefe · 16 March 2011
Wayne Francis · 16 March 2011
Mike Elzinga · 16 March 2011
Wayne Francis · 16 March 2011
Mike Elzinga · 16 March 2011
Klaus Hellnick · 17 March 2011
When I was in the US Navy in the 80s, servicemen were always pressured to attend religious functions. also, at least one base, NPTU Idaho Falls was under control of Mormons (CO, XO, and most senior officers) and the command openly discriminated against people with other beliefs. They not only looked up religions from service records, they also questioned enlisted men abut their beliefs in XOI and other investigations of alleged wrongdoing, with implications that things would go better if they converted.
truthspeaker · 17 March 2011
DS · 17 March 2011
Sign up here for military service son. Serve your country and protect human rights and freedom.
Sounds great, where do I sign? I love human rights. We can protect people form being spied on and tortured without due process.
Well sure, except when national security is involved. Then it's too important to give the bad guys all those rights and freedoms.
Well, at least you are fighting for equal sexual rights for everyone.
Sure, just as long as they ain't gay or nothin perverted like that.
And religious freedom, the very basis of our democracy. Surely we will be fighting to protect that.
Of course. You just got to go to the one true church every sunday and learn exactly what the one real religion is. Then you and your like-minded homophobic, sadistic buddies can fight to protect everyone's freedom all you want. Sign here.
John Kwok · 17 March 2011
nmgirl · 17 March 2011
PZ has info on Pharyngula.
Matt Young · 17 March 2011
DavidK · 17 March 2011
Mike Elzinga · 17 March 2011
Robert Byers · 17 March 2011
This comment has been moved to The Bathroom Wall.
mrg · 17 March 2011
Dale Husband · 17 March 2011
mrg · 17 March 2011
DavidK · 17 March 2011
Mike Elzinga · 18 March 2011
Dave Luckett · 18 March 2011
Mike touches on an important point when he says that members of groups need to relate to each other. That is an overriding requirement in the military, and it sharpens a primal human need to belong to a group.
Now, for FL's sake, some scientific (well, anthropological) discussion of the observations of the US military given above.
Principle one: Individuals generally need to identify as members of a group, particularly when under stress. One means by which individuals demonstrate identity with a group is by assimilating, supporting, expressing and transmitting its cultural institutions.
One such institution, in the US professional military, (or at least in its non-elite elements) is fundamentalist protestantism.
Why this should be the case is a question for research. The suggestion is that recruits, both enlisted and commissioned, derive disproportionately from rural and small-town backgrounds, often in the South. Whatever the cause, repeated observations confirm that the expression of fundamentalist protestantism is a cultural value in (parts of) the armed services of the United States.
Principle two: The expression of cultural values is subject to feedback, and hence increases. This increase is most clearly seen in groups that are separated or isolated in some way from larger, more inclusive or culturally diverse societies. The US military is such a group.
That is, the expression of cultural values tends to increase in scope, in power and in the resources devoted to it. This increase occurs independently of its actual utility to the group. Unless some other factor intervenes, the expression may increase to the point where it is actually catastrophic to the group.
Observations in support of this:
The Easter Islanders expressed a cultural value - reverence for their ancestors - by erecting huge stone statues in specific places. To transport them, they cut down the palm forests of their island, on which they relied for food, to make rollers. They continued erecting ever more grandiose statues and cutting down the trees, until the forests were destroyed. They then starved.
The Aztecs valued human sacrifice. They made ever-increasing demands for sacrificial victims of their subject peoples, so that when Cortes arrived, their subjects enthusiastically joined him. The Aztecs' reaction to this was to demand more sacrifices, which only ensured their downfall.
The northern Italian condottieri were mercenary soldiers who valued profit. It was more profitable to manoeuver and then negotiate without actually fighting. As a result, they were destroyed by an opponent who was prepared actually to go to battle.
These observations and many others from history tend to confirm the hypothesis that expression of the cultural values of a group may increase to the point where this increase can and does actually subvert the supposed purpose of the group, and even its actual survival.
Therefore:
Prediction one: The expression of fundamentalist protestantism in (parts of) the armed forces of the US will tend to increase over time, unless some other factor intervenes.
Prediction two: This increase will ultimately subvert the actual purpose of the armed forces - ie the defence of the United States, its territory, people and Constitution. One obvious point of this subversion is the difficulty of maintaining the Constitutional separation of Church and State in the face of a culture of fervour for one, given, exclusive religion in the armed forces of the State.
Hence, it is the duty of those sworn to defend and protect the Constitution of the United States to intervene to prevent this from happening. The Executive and the Joint Chiefs must act; but more, every officer of the US armed forces has that identical duty.
If officers do not intervene to prevent the coercive expression of religion, or fail to confirm and uphold the Constitutional right of freedom of religion, they are in dereliction of their duty. But if they actually attempt to deny the Constitutional rights of others by preferring or differentially treating any expression of religion or non-religion, they are criminally in breach of their oaths, and should be dealt with by military justice.
Mike Elzinga · 18 March 2011
DavidK · 18 March 2011
Just Bob · 19 March 2011
And Air Force officers tend to have jobs like working in missile silos, flying armed combat aircraft, securing our nuclear weapons stockpiles, etc.
What could happen if one of them were an evangelical who decided that these are the End Times, and it's his job to initiate the prophesied Armageddon?
mrg · 19 March 2011
Mike Elzinga · 20 March 2011
mrg · 20 March 2011
Wayne Francis · 20 March 2011
mrg · 20 March 2011
Just Bob · 21 March 2011
Launch a nuke, probably not. But even a launch with a non-activated warhead could provoke a counterstrike. And could we talk our way out of an incident where a bomb or cruise missile crashed and failed to initiate a nuclear explosion--but spilled its radioactive guts over, say, Islamabad?
And contemplate what a fully fueled B-52 could do to the Capitol Building or the White House (with that Kenyan Muslim Socialist in there!).
John Kwok · 21 March 2011
MosesZD · 25 March 2011