Australopithecus sediba and the creationist response

Posted 27 April 2010 by

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MH1fossil.png Two spectacular new hominid fossils found in a cave at Malapa in South Africa in 2008 and 2009 have been assigned to a new species, Australopithecus sediba ('sediba' means 'wellspring' in the local seSotho language). Discovered by a team led by Lee Berger and Paul Dirks, it is claimed by them to be the best candidate yet for an immediate ancestor to the genus Homo. The fossils are between 1.78 and 1.95 million years old, about the same date of the oldest Homo erectus fossils. The first fossil, MH1, found by Lee Berger's son Matthew, is an almost complete skull and partial skeleton of an 11 to 12 year old boy. The 2nd fossil, MH2, is a partial skeleton of an adult female, including some jaw fragments. The boy's brain has a typical australopithecine size of 420cc, compared to the smallest Homo brain of 510cc. Both skeletons are small, about 130cm (4'3") tall. Au. sediba is most similar to, and quite likely descended from, Au. africanus. The upper limbs are long, and similar to other australopithecines. Many features of the hip, knee and ankle bones show it was bipedal, like other australopithecines, but the foot bones are still quite primitive. However Berger et al. list many other features of the skull, teeth, and pelvis in which it resembles early Homo fossils. The discoverers have suggested that Au. sediba might be ancestral to either Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis, or that it might be a closely related sister group to Homo - not a direct ancestor, but a close cousin. As the authors admit, these two individuals existed after the earliest known Homo fossils (at about 2.3 million years), so they can't be human ancestors. However, it's possible that the sediba species had already existed for a few hundred thousand years and that early members of it could have been human ancestors. Interestingly, prominent scientists quoted in the media have split fairly evenly on the question of whether sediba should have been assigned to Homo or Australopithecus - Bill Kimbel, Don Johanson, Susan Anton and Colin Groves went for Homo, while Meave Leakey, Tim White and Ron Clarke didn't. Some scientists have even suggested that it may be a late-surviving variant of Au. africanus. However, the authors argued that the overall body plan was australopithecine, and hence put it in that genus. This seems to be the conservative and safest plan; even if they are right in their claims about sediba, the fossils do not seem out of place in Australopithecus, whereas putting them in Homo would have run the risk of needing to reclassify them later if they did not turn out to be very closely related to Homo. It would also, as Chris Stringer pointed out in an interview, require "a major redefinition" of the genus Homo. In summary, it's an important discovery even though we don't yet know exactly how it fits into the family tree and what it means for human origins. Refreshingly, the discoverers have been fairly restrained in their claims about the fossil, and are keeping other options in mind. The creationist organization Answers in Genesis has already taken note of the fossil. One might have expected that such small, and small-brained, fossils would be dismissed as apes. A few years ago, I'm sure AIG would have done so unhesitatingly. But AIG has strongly backed the idea that the similarly-sized Hobbit from Flores is a pathological human. Because of that, and probably also because some scientists have said Au. sediba should have been classified as Homo, AIG was surprisingly cautious. After referring to a quote by Berger that the small brain size of sediba (an australopithecine feature) is similar to that of the Flores Hobbit, AIG says that:

Berger's comment suggests the Australopithecus sediba fossils may in fact be misclassified Homo individuals who were fully human.

and

Creationists must be cautious interpreting news like this.

But whatever happened to this earlier claim by AIG:

When complete fossils are found, they are easy to assign clearly as either 'ape' or human, there are only 'ape-men' where imagination colored by belief in evolution is applied to fragmented bits and pieces.

What happened to it is that creationists have been slapped around by reality: there are too many cases where creationists have classified fossils differently, and even cases of creationists changing their mind about some fossils. In spite of having an almost complete skull of sediba, AIG still can't decide whether it's an ape or a human. If they can't tell if it's an ape or a human, they obviously can't rule out the possibility that it is an intermediate. The fact that they can't tell is strong evidence that it is intermediate, because modern apes and humans are extremely easy to distinguish. Brian Thomas of the Institute for Creation Research has also written about sediba. Unlike AIG however, ICR had no hesitation in calling it an ape. Thomas even disputes the claim that sediba was bipedal, saying

... in neither A. ramidus' nor Au sediba's remains were found the relevant hip bones to even make such a determination!

Odd. MH1 has a good specimen of the os coxa bone, more commonly known as "the hip bone", which is, funnily enough, the "relevant hip bone" for diagnosing locomotion. And let's not forget that Berger et al. said that the hip, knee and ankle bones all show evidence of bipedality. I think the experts have a bit more credibility here than the ICR's science writer. One last gripe: it was depressing to see how many newspaper headlines used the term "missing link". It's a misleading and meaningless term, as Carl Zimmer explains well. Update: See also this later Panda's Thumb blog entry by Nick Matzke: Creationist vs. creationist on Homo habilis.

References

Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like Australopith from South Africa, by Berger et al. 2010. Science 328:195-204. Yet Another "Missing Link", by Carl Zimmer News to Note, April 10, 2010, by Answers in Genesis A New Evolutionary Link?, by Brian Thomas, Institute for Creation Research

84 Comments

eric · 27 April 2010

The upper limbs are long, and similar to other australopithecines. Many features of the hip, knee and ankle bones show it was bipedal, like other australopithecines, but the foot bones are still quite primitive. However Berger et al. list many other features of the skull, teeth, and pelvis in which it resembles early Homo fossils.

It is somewhat humbling to speculate that one of the last major features of 'modern human' to evolve might not have been our skull or bipedalism, but rather our feet. Perhaps this explains why our spread across the world took place relatively late.

MikeMa · 27 April 2010

Fascinating image of MH1 showing the actual bones superimposed over the speculative majority of missing stuff. I like jigsaw puzzles but my hat is off to the folks who created so much from so little. Well done.

I hope they find more and can piece together a more definitive lineage.

Chris · 27 April 2010

"In spite of having an almost complete skull of sediba, AIG still can’t decide whether it’s an ape or a human. The fact that they can’t tell is strong evidence that it is intermediate, because modern apes and humans are extremely easy to distinguish."

I don't think AIG's inability to distinguish fossils - these or any others - ever qualifies as "strong evidence."

ppb · 27 April 2010

Chris said: "In spite of having an almost complete skull of sediba, AIG still can’t decide whether it’s an ape or a human. The fact that they can’t tell is strong evidence that it is intermediate, because modern apes and humans are extremely easy to distinguish." I don't think AIG's inability to distinguish fossils - these or any others - ever qualifies as "strong evidence."
I think in cases like these AIG's preferred method is the coin flip.

MikeMa · 27 April 2010

AiG is not a scientific group but a political one. Their opinion on science is like asking George W Bush about the constitution. There is no connection.

wamba · 27 April 2010

Thomas even disputes the claim that sediba was bipedal, saying:

"Really, they didn't find any shoes!"

Graeme · 27 April 2010

How odd. I have read this post 10 minutes are returning from Maropeng at the Cradle of Humankind (http://www.maropeng.co.za/) where I saw the very same picture as in this post, but life-size, along with heaps of other hominid fossils and fossil replicas.

JohnW · 27 April 2010

If they can’t tell if it’s an ape or a human, they obviously can’t rule out the possibility that it is an intermediate.
Sure they can. If you base your whole life on the contention that there is no such thing as grey, eventually all you'll see is black and white.

afarensis, FCD · 27 April 2010

Sounds like the hobbit has freaked AIG out. Are they abandoning brain size as a criteria for membership in Homo?

MikeMa · 27 April 2010

afarensis, FCD said: Sounds like the hobbit has freaked AIG out. Are they abandoning brain size as a criteria for membership in Homo?
Only when it comes to their own!

stevaroni · 27 April 2010

AIG: When complete fossils are found, they are easy to assign clearly as either ‘ape’ or human, there are only ‘ape-men’ where imagination colored by belief in evolution is applied to fragmented bits and pieces.

Of course, there's still the issue that, ape, man, intermediate or Martian, these things are still a couple of million years older than the Garden.

e-dogg · 27 April 2010

I like this little gem from the ICR article:
The researchers found "hints of a potential brain remnant," as well as "what could be fossilised [sic] insect eggs." ... to expect someone to believe that brain tissue escaped decay for 1.9 million years is asking far too much.
I'm not sure who actually asked this guy to believe that, but I suspect it's the voices in his head...

RBH · 27 April 2010

MikeMa said: Fascinating image of MH1 showing the actual bones superimposed over the speculative majority of missing stuff. I like jigsaw puzzles but my hat is off to the folks who created so much from so little. Well done. I hope they find more and can piece together a more definitive lineage.
There's another specimen, MH2, that adds some additional information. I suggest that "speculative" is inappropriate. Reconstruction of hypothesized skeletal anatomy from bits and pieces is not an exercise in free-floating speculation. Read a bit about Cuvier for an introduction to some of the techniques that were worked out well before Darwin.

John Kwok · 27 April 2010

Don't want this to digress into a political battle, but if you want to take a swipe at Bush, then, sadly, a virtually identical observation can be made for the present POTUS:
MikeMa said: AiG is not a scientific group but a political one. Their opinion on science is like asking George W Bush about the constitution. There is no connection.

John Kwok · 27 April 2010

Just to get back on topic, yes, that piece from Carl is an excellent summary as to what we ought to see with regards to the "shape" of the hominim family tree across the period from approximately 3.5 to 1.8 million years ago. At the very least, this new fossil merely illustrates not only that the australopith phylogenetic "bush" was wider than we thought, but does illuminate a bit more knowledge regarding how the earliest Homo hominims divulged from their australopith relatives.

As for the nonsense from AiG and ICR, I'll leave at that, since it's mendacious intellectual pornography that I have no desire to comment further on

Stanton · 27 April 2010

John Kwok said: Don't want this to digress into a political battle, but if you want to take a swipe at Bush, then, sadly, a virtually identical observation can be made for the present POTUS:
MikeMa said: AiG is not a scientific group but a political one. Their opinion on science is like asking George W Bush about the constitution. There is no connection.
I don't recall President Obama extolling the virtues of Young Earth Creationism, or a literal, inerrant interpretation of the Book of Genesis, nor have I heard of any of his political relatives, cronies, underlings and or allies plotting to destroy public education in order to make Jesus happy.

Henry J · 27 April 2010

This find just increases the number of gaps!!111!!!eleven!!!

DiscoveredJoys · 27 April 2010

Just a minor quibble "but the foot bones are still quite primitive" could be read as implying some directionality in evolution. "but the foot bones are more similar to earlier fossils" would have been better.

mplavcan · 27 April 2010

DiscoveredJoys said: Just a minor quibble "but the foot bones are still quite primitive" could be read as implying some directionality in evolution. "but the foot bones are more similar to earlier fossils" would have been better.
The "primitive" in this case refers indeed to a directionality. It is used in opposition to the term "derived". While evolution does not have a pre-ordained directionality, cladistically the term primitive has meaning.

mplavcan · 27 April 2010

RBH said:
MikeMa said: Fascinating image of MH1 showing the actual bones superimposed over the speculative majority of missing stuff. I like jigsaw puzzles but my hat is off to the folks who created so much from so little. Well done. I hope they find more and can piece together a more definitive lineage.
There's another specimen, MH2, that adds some additional information. I suggest that "speculative" is inappropriate. Reconstruction of hypothesized skeletal anatomy from bits and pieces is not an exercise in free-floating speculation. Read a bit about Cuvier for an introduction to some of the techniques that were worked out well before Darwin.
I had the good fortune to see casts of the skull, the jaw, and some unpublished material, and to talk at length with one of the folks involved in the descriptions (the team is being very good about showing the fossils around). There is considerably more material coming out, and several of the statements and reconstructions that they made were backed up with material that has come out since the manuscript was accepted.

MikeMa · 27 April 2010

RBH said:
MikeMa said: Fascinating image of MH1 showing the actual bones superimposed over the speculative majority of missing stuff. I like jigsaw puzzles but my hat is off to the folks who created so much from so little. Well done. I hope they find more and can piece together a more definitive lineage.
There's another specimen, MH2, that adds some additional information. I suggest that "speculative" is inappropriate. Reconstruction of hypothesized skeletal anatomy from bits and pieces is not an exercise in free-floating speculation. Read a bit about Cuvier for an introduction to some of the techniques that were worked out well before Darwin.
I am a complete novice and so the work shown in the MH1 image almost looks like Cuvier's brag that "one bone gives the whole thing". Still impressive!

Wheels · 27 April 2010

Even if the mainstream news doesn't cover this accurately, or if anti-evolutionists still want to tow the party line and call it a "mere ape," I still get all giddy over finds like this. I love it when we find pieces of the puzzle that increase our knowledge of the natural world; it fills me with hope for our species.

Robin · 27 April 2010

One last gripe: it was depressing to see how many newspaper headlines used the term “missing link”.
To be fair, it is a link and it was missing... ;P Facetiousness aside, Carl's explanation is spot on. Sediba is a very interesting find. Thanks for the post!

Jim Foley · 27 April 2010

e-dogg said: I like this little gem from the ICR article:
The researchers found "hints of a potential brain remnant," as well as "what could be fossilised [sic] insect eggs." ... to expect someone to believe that brain tissue escaped decay for 1.9 million years is asking far too much.
I'm not sure who actually asked this guy to believe that, but I suspect it's the voices in his head...
Well, actually, he got it from a real source: http://www.esrf.eu/news/general/first-studies-of-fossil-of-new-human-ancestor-take-place-at-the-esrf/. However, I don't think it's necessarily implying that soft tissue is still there - it may be referring to remnants of fossilized soft tissue. We need to wait and see on this.

Jim Foley · 27 April 2010

Chris said: I don't think AIG's inability to distinguish fossils - these or any others - ever qualifies as "strong evidence."
True, creationists have always been hopeless at identifying fossils - Exhibit 1 would be Duane Gish's hopelessly incompetent and dishonest claims that Java Man and Peking Man were gibbons/monkeys/apes. The rest of the YEC community pretty much followed Gish off the cliff with that one. But they used to think they could identify them, even when they couldn't. Now, at least, a few of the creationists have learnt that they can't.

Hansen · 27 April 2010

e-dogg said: I like this little gem from the ICR article:
The researchers found "hints of a potential brain remnant," as well as "what could be fossilised [sic] insect eggs."
A bit off-topic, but I just found it priceless that they felt the need to tag the British spelling of "fossilized" with a "sic". :)

Reinard · 27 April 2010

AiG seems to be overly cautious about making any positive claims lately. They did the exact same thing with the Noah's Ark story. I guess they finally got burned one too many times. Perhaps they are capable of learning.

Robert Byers · 27 April 2010

i think AIG gave a intelligent and conservative responce.
First creationists are not studying these bits of bones.
So the only way to judge is from reports of how alike they are with humans or apes.
In fact there is a great sameness between people and apes in mere skeleton looks.
It probably is just apes of a type.
The clincher would be if a female was found in which it could be seen if the body had the configuration that would give pain at childbirth like our women.
Animals, apes, don't have pain for structural reasons.

Jim Foley · 27 April 2010

Robert Byers said: ... The clincher would be if a female was found in which it could be seen if the body had the configuration that would give pain at childbirth like our women. Animals, apes, don't have pain for structural reasons.
Just a warning: we are not going to have another interminable discussion about whether animals feel pain giving birth! That topic was beaten to death in the recent hobbit thread.

Stanton · 27 April 2010

Robert Byers said: i think AIG gave a intelligent and conservative responce.
By lying?
First creationists are not studying these bits of bones.
Creationists don't study anything, period. All they do is lie, bullshit, and plot to obstruct other people from learning or doing science because either action is an insult to a Creationist's warped sense of piety.
So the only way to judge is from reports of how alike they are with humans or apes.
How do you intend to do that if you also state that you never intend to actually look at them? Through magic and prayer?
In fact there is a great sameness between people and apes in mere skeleton looks. It probably is just apes of a type.
Humans are a species of ape, idiot.
The clincher would be if a female was found in which it could be seen if the body had the configuration that would give pain at childbirth like our women. Animals, apes, don't have pain for structural reasons.
We've pointed out on a previous thread that this claim of yours is false. In fact, it suggests that you are either lying, have never actually seen a live animal, or both. How come Robert Byers is allowed to continue trolling, even though we are often given admonishments not to reply to him? I mean, we already have enough examples of his stupidity. Why is it too much trouble to follow Pharyngula's example and bar him from posting here?

Stanton · 27 April 2010

Jim Foley said:
Robert Byers said: ... The clincher would be if a female was found in which it could be seen if the body had the configuration that would give pain at childbirth like our women. Animals, apes, don't have pain for structural reasons.
Just a warning: we are not going to have another interminable discussion about whether animals feel pain giving birth! That topic was beaten to death in the recent hobbit thread.
Robert Byers is too stupid to care that he's wrong. Or that he's lying out of his ass.

Thomas · 28 April 2010

Article seems like wishful thinking. AIG hasn't changed position.

AIG: When *complete* fossils are found, they are easy to assign clearly as either ‘ape’ or human...

PT: In spite of having an almost complete skull of sediba, AIG still can’t decide whether it’s an ape or a human.

I'd bet AIG doesn't have "an almost complete skull," or even seen more of it than the picture in the article.

AIG: The bones have been examined by only one group of scientists... Creationists, in particular, do not routinely have access to such finds until much time has passed...

hoary puccoon · 28 April 2010

According to Thomas, AIG says "the bones have been examined by only one group of scientists."

According to mplavcan, "the team is being very good at showing the fossils around."

Major discrepancy there.

Apparently, AIG has come up with their new position that they won't assign human or ape status until the fossil is "complete." Since even well-preserved skeletons like the Neanderthal of La Chappelle-aux-Saints are probably missing a few small pieces, that means AIG never has to choose at all, do they? Seems like a major retreat to me.

Stanton · 28 April 2010

hoary puccoon said: According to Thomas, AIG says "the bones have been examined by only one group of scientists." According to mplavcan, "the team is being very good at showing the fossils around." Major discrepancy there. Apparently, AIG has come up with their new position that they won't assign human or ape status until the fossil is "complete." Since even well-preserved skeletons like the Neanderthal of La Chappelle-aux-Saints are probably missing a few small pieces, that means AIG never has to choose at all, do they? Seems like a major retreat to me.
When your position relies solely on lies and misinformation, retreat is the only thing you can do when presented with more information.

DS · 28 April 2010

I don't really care what AIG or Byers think. Clearly this is an intermediate between ancestral apes and modern humans by any reasonable definition.

I also don't want this to degrade into another "pain of childbirth" fiasco. However, I would just like to point out in passing that in a recent National Geographic program, they documented attempts to reintroduce bison into wilderness areas. One scene showed a female who had complications with a delivery and died after a prolonged period of suffering. If Robert thinks that humans are the only animal that suffers during childbirth, or that this is somehow a species specific character, he should give it a try. Until then he should keep his ignorant opinions to himself.

James F · 28 April 2010

What happened to it is that creationists have been slapped around by reality:
And that's no mean feat when you watch The Flintstones as if it were a documentary.

Thomas · 28 April 2010

Article seems like wishful thinking. AIG hasn't changed position.

AIG: When *complete* fossils are found, they are easy to assign clearly as either ‘ape’ or human...

PT: In spite of having an almost complete skull of sediba, AIG still can’t decide whether it’s an ape or a human.

I'd bet AIG doesn't have "an almost complete skull," or even seen more of it than the picture in the article.

AIG: The bones have been examined by only one group of scientists... Creationists, in particular, do not routinely have access to such finds until much time has passed...

John Vanko · 28 April 2010

No doubt AIG will claim they cannot distinguish between ape or human because they won't be given direct access to these bones.

If you follow AIG very much you will recall that they often bemoan the fact that 'evolutionist' scientists won't allow creationist 'scientists' to examine their fossils.

Why don't creationist 'scientists' go find their own hominid fossils? Why not do some real science instead of spending millions on a creationist museum? Why not find their own hominids and put the lie of evolution to rest once and for all? (And win the Nobel Prize for doing it!)

I'd like Ken Ham to answer that one. (Although I can guess the answer.)

John Kwok · 28 April 2010

Wish you didn't indulge in yet another instance of feeding that incorrgible troll, Booby Byers. I'm seriously thinking of ignoring him next time:
Stanton said:
Jim Foley said:
Robert Byers said: ... The clincher would be if a female was found in which it could be seen if the body had the configuration that would give pain at childbirth like our women. Animals, apes, don't have pain for structural reasons.
Just a warning: we are not going to have another interminable discussion about whether animals feel pain giving birth! That topic was beaten to death in the recent hobbit thread.
Robert Byers is too stupid to care that he's wrong. Or that he's lying out of his ass.

John Kwok · 28 April 2010

Or ICR, or the Dishonesty Institute, or any other "scientific" creationist "think tank":
John Vanko said: No doubt AIG will claim they cannot distinguish between ape or human because they won't be given direct access to these bones. If you follow AIG very much you will recall that they often bemoan the fact that 'evolutionist' scientists won't allow creationist 'scientists' to examine their fossils. Why don't creationist 'scientists' go find their own hominid fossils? Why not do some real science instead of spending millions on a creationist museum? Why not find their own hominids and put the lie of evolution to rest once and for all? (And win the Nobel Prize for doing it!) I'd like Ken Ham to answer that one. (Although I can guess the answer.)
WOuld be especially curious in reading Paul Nelson's or Bill Dembski's reaction to this discovery, but I think I know the answer already.

Stanton · 28 April 2010

If we should not feed the troll, then why is the troll allowed to post the exact same stupidity on every thread with absolute impunity?
John Kwok said: Wish you didn't indulge in yet another instance of feeding that incorrgible troll, Booby Byers. I'm seriously thinking of ignoring him next time:
Stanton said:
Jim Foley said:
Robert Byers said: ... The clincher would be if a female was found in which it could be seen if the body had the configuration that would give pain at childbirth like our women. Animals, apes, don't have pain for structural reasons.
Just a warning: we are not going to have another interminable discussion about whether animals feel pain giving birth! That topic was beaten to death in the recent hobbit thread.
Robert Byers is too stupid to care that he's wrong. Or that he's lying out of his ass.

Helena Constantine · 28 April 2010

John Vanko :
...Why don’t creationist ‘scientists’ go find their own hominid fossils? Why not do some real science instead of spending millions on a creationist museum? Why not find their own hominids and put the lie of evolution to rest once and for all? (And win the Nobel Prize for doing it!...

I understand your frustration, but think how awful that would be. Suppose by some strange mischance they actually found an important fossil. Creationists by definition don't have the requisite scientific training, so all information about its context would be lost (they know its less than 6000 years old, so why use radiometric dating on the rock strata it was found in?). They wouldn't be able to identify it or properly publish it. They certainly wouldn't allow real scientists to examine it.

stevaroni · 28 April 2010

Helena Constantine said: Suppose by some strange mischance they actually found an important fossil. Creationists by definition don't have the requisite scientific training, so all information about its context would be lost (they know its less than 6000 years old, so why use radiometric dating on the rock strata it was found in?). They wouldn't be able to identify it or properly publish it. They certainly wouldn't allow real scientists to examine it.
You mean like the group that claims they've found Noah's Ark... Q. "How do you know it's 4800 years old" A. "We know it's that old because that's when Noah's Ark was made" Q. "I only see one small room in the picture" A. "We know there will be more as soon as we dig it out". Q. "Maybe it's something else". A. "That's impossible - what else could it be? Q. "Where is this structure". A. "That's a secret." etc...

Keelyn · 28 April 2010

stevaroni said:
Helena Constantine said: Suppose by some strange mischance they actually found an important fossil. Creationists by definition don't have the requisite scientific training, so all information about its context would be lost (they know its less than 6000 years old, so why use radiometric dating on the rock strata it was found in?). They wouldn't be able to identify it or properly publish it. They certainly wouldn't allow real scientists to examine it.
You mean like the group that claims they've found Noah's Ark... Q. "How do you know it's 4800 years old" A. "We know it's that old because that's when Noah's Ark was made" Q. "I only see one small room in the picture" A. "We know there will be more as soon as we dig it out". Q. "Maybe it's something else". A. "That's impossible - what else could it be? Q. "Where is this structure". A. "That's a secret." etc...
Actually, they say it's already been carbon dated (that was quick). I assume that's the same carbon dating creationists say is so unreliable.

eric · 28 April 2010

Keelyn said: Actually, they say it's already been carbon dated (that was quick). I assume that's the same carbon dating creationists say is so unreliable.
Sigh, you evilutionists are sooo foolish. The half-life of C-14 was exactly the same 4800 years ago...it was 4801 years ago that it was only 1-day long. [/tongue in cheek]

John Kwok · 28 April 2010

Can't argue with you there, but that needs to be the decision(s) of the respective thread monitors. Wish there was some way of automatically sending his comments to the Bathroom Wall, however:
Stanton said: If we should not feed the troll, then why is the troll allowed to post the exact same stupidity on every thread with absolute impunity?
John Kwok said: Wish you didn't indulge in yet another instance of feeding that incorrgible troll, Booby Byers. I'm seriously thinking of ignoring him next time:
Stanton said:
Jim Foley said:
Robert Byers said: ... The clincher would be if a female was found in which it could be seen if the body had the configuration that would give pain at childbirth like our women. Animals, apes, don't have pain for structural reasons.
Just a warning: we are not going to have another interminable discussion about whether animals feel pain giving birth! That topic was beaten to death in the recent hobbit thread.
Robert Byers is too stupid to care that he's wrong. Or that he's lying out of his ass.

raven · 29 April 2010

The Ark is a fake. Even Price, below, who is a Liberty U. creationist says it is. This isn't the first one either, they have been doing this for hundreds of years. IMO, the chance that the C14 date was actually done by legitimate researchers and is 4800 BP is very, very low.
http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2010/04/latest_ark_finding_is_a_fake.php I was the archaeologist with the Chinese expedition in the summer of 2008 and was given photos of what they now are reporting to be the inside of the Ark. I and my partners invested $100,000 in this expedition (described below) which they have retained, despite their promise and our requests to return it, since it was not used for the expedition. The information given below is my opinion based on what I have seen and heard (from others who claim to have been eyewitnesses or know the exact details). To make a long story short: this is all reported to be a fake. The photos were reputed to have been taken off site near the Black Sea, but the film footage the Chinese now have was shot on location on Mt. Ararat. In the late summer of 2008 ten Kurdish workers hired by Parasut, the guide used by the Chinese, are said to have planted large wood beams taken from an old structure in the Black Sea area (where the photos were originally taken) at the Mt. Ararat site. In the winter of 2008 a Chinese climber taken by Parasut's men to the site saw the wood, but couldn't get inside because of the severe weather conditions. During the summer of 2009 more wood was planted inside a cave at the site. The Chinese team went in the late summer of 2009 (I was there at the time and knew about the hoax) and was shown the cave with the wood and made their film. As I said, I have the photos of the inside of the so-called Ark (that show cobwebs in the corners of rafters - something just not possible in these conditions) and our Kurdish partner in Dogubabyazit (the village at the foot of Mt. Ararat) has all of the facts about the location, the men who planted the wood, and even the truck that transported it.

Alex H · 29 April 2010

You know, I actually don't mind Byer's ranting. He's so disconnected from reality that I find him funny, and unlike AIG or the No Discoveries Institute, he's got no ability to influence people.

raven · 29 April 2010

There is a good reason why no one wants creationists anywhere near hominid fossils. There have been threats against the fossils themselves in the past and everyone is afraid they might simply destroy them. IIRC, most hominid fossils are now kept in secure storage most of the time just in case. In Africa, somewhere around 1000 people a year are killed as suspected witches by xians. Many of those are children, probably because they tend not to carry firearms. For such people, destroying a few old fossils would be a minor matter. You could imagine what a creationist fossil hunting expedition would be like. "Oh look, a 5 million year old human ancestor." SMASH. Not any more.
cosmosmagazine.com: Christians attack hominids in Kenya museum Saturday, 9 September 2006by Lillian Omariba NAIROBI, Kenya, 9 September 2006: The debate between scientists and conservative Christians over evolution has hit Kenya, where an exhibit of one of the world's finest collections of early hominid fossils is under threat. As the famed National Museum of Kenya prepares to re-open in 2007 after massive European Union-funded renovations, local evangelicals are demanding the display be removed or at least shunted to a less prominent location. The Origins of Man exhibit, comprised of prehistoric finds from around Africa's Great Rift Valley considered by many to be the cradle of humanity, is offensive as it promotes Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, they say. "When museums put it out there that man evolved from apes, theologically they are affecting many people who are Christians, who believe God created us," said Bishop Boniface Adoyo, who is leading a campaign against the exhibit. "It's creating a big weapon against Christians that's killing our faith," he added, calling evolution theory an "insult" and dangerous to youths. "When children go to museums they'll start believing we evolved from these apes. This is not the truth," said Adoyo, pastor of Nairobi's Christ is the Answer Ministries and chairman of the Evangelical Alliance of Kenya, which claims to represent churches of 35 denominations with nine million members. "I can't stand it, neither can other Christians."

Frank J · 29 April 2010

The Ark is a fake. Even Price, below, who is a Liberty U. creationist says it is.

— raven

There is a good reason why no one wants creationists anywhere near hominid fossils. There have been threats against the fossils themselves in the past and everyone is afraid they might simply destroy them.

— raven
I doubt that the leaders of US anti-evolution outfits (AiG, DI, etc.) would want to destroy what they want to spin as "evidences" against "Darwinism," but I doubt that they'd go out of their way to stop anyone who does, or criticize them if they did. But that, and your comment about the "Ark" only point out 2 more examples of the hopeless disagreement among creationists. Even when they try to get a consistent "script" - and they certainly have an incentive to obtain one - they fail miserably. AiG might be trying to get a consistent "script" regarding hominid fossils (e.g. how "complete" must they be before we assign a "kind"), but even if they succeeded, they still have to contend with creationists who make contradictory conclusions. Not to mention those who just gave up and conceded common descent (e.g. Behe), or at least do not rule it out (e.g. Dembski). There is almost endless irony in Pope John Paul II's description of the evidence for evolution as "convergence, neither sought nor fabricated." One side never set out to get a consistent "script," but gets one anyway as it follows the evidence where it leads. The other side desperately tries to get one by picking, choosing and otherwise misrepresenting evidence, and fails miserably. Where they don't fail, however, is reinforcing public misconceptions of evolution and the nature of science.

hoary puccoon · 29 April 2010

Poor AIG-- trying to sell a radical theory without any evidence. Here's a tip. The Smithsonian website has a large collection of hominid fossils available for study online.

But if it's really true that those mean ol' scientists won't give AIG access to research materials-- then why on earth should we pay attention to anything AIG has to say about human origins, when they freely admit their conclusions are based on absolutely no data?

stevaroni · 29 April 2010

raven said: I was the archaeologist with the Chinese expedition in the summer of 2008 and was given photos of what they now are reporting to be the inside of the Ark. ... In the late summer of 2008 ten Kurdish workers hired by Parasut, the guide used by the Chinese, are said to have planted large wood beams taken from an old structure in the Black Sea area (where the photos were originally taken) at the Mt. Ararat site.... I was there at the time and knew about the hoax

Well, that didn't take long. Creationists are not only bad scientists, they're not even good lairs.

Dave Luckett · 29 April 2010

stevaroni said: Well, that didn't take long. Creationists are not only bad scientists, they're not even good lairs.
No, most creationists are not sharp dressers. Flash as a rat with a gold tooth. (Little Australian joke, there.)

Jesse · 29 April 2010

Dave Luckett said:
stevaroni said: Well, that didn't take long. Creationists are not only bad scientists, they're not even good lairs.
No, most creationists are not sharp dressers. Flash as a rat with a gold tooth. (Little Australian joke, there.)
Oh, like when you see the televangelists wearing those suits made from some shiny, unknown material?

Mike Elzinga · 29 April 2010

raven said: There is a good reason why no one wants creationists anywhere near hominid fossils. There have been threats against the fossils themselves in the past and everyone is afraid they might simply destroy them.
And this is not hypothetical. ID/creationists in general seem to have the “anti-Midas” touch; everything they touch turns to shit. I’ve known a number of these types over the years. They approach everything with such determined dogmatism that they break things and wreck programs, organizations, and long range plans by clumsily plowing ahead with their misconceptions and misinformation. Many have some sort of “take-over” attitude that intrudes on the workings of an organization even though they are newcomers who don’t have the big picture. They will immediately start acting as spokesmen for an organization even though they have no history with the organization or experience with its past. You never have to consider that an ID/creationist has any advanced knowledge of any kind. If you hear one of them pretending to spout such knowledge, you automatically know it is bullshit. ID/creationist misconceptions and mischaracterizations about science begin at the most basic level; the level at which we teach middle school and high school students. Whatever they attempt to learn beyond that level is simply a mish-mash of mangled and twisted concepts bent to fit their already established dogma and misconceptions about science.

W. H. Heydt · 29 April 2010

In support of Mike Elzinga's point... Consider Forrest Mims (very) short job with _Scientific American_ and just *why* it was so short.

robert van bakel · 29 April 2010

As a very interested lay-person, and just looking at the bones shown on the given picture, I would assume the following:1.) The skull, jaw, and teeth, are well preserved, giving 'experts'(ie. people who actually study this stuff)significant information about diet, and relative intelligence, including insights into possible language abilities; perhaps. 2.)The elongated arm and shortened leg suggest intermediate characteristics between apes and hominids; but I'll let the people that understand anatomy interpret this for me, not being an expert myself you understand.3.)But most significantly, the hip-thigh joint which suggests upright locomotion, or so I am reliably informed by experts who study this every hour, of almost every day, of their lives, and dammit, I am actually persuaded.

Now, what does Mr Byers come up with? Sorry, but that ham sandwich has just got to be kicked in his nethers!

Dave Luckett · 30 April 2010

They have the femur, including its ball-joint, and the pronounced curve at the top that anchors the gluteus medius muscle. Most of the acetabulum is also evident. The angle of the ball with the neck of the femur is close to the human standard of 125 degrees. Separately these would strongly indicate upright bipedal walking, but together are quite definite. The icing on the cake would be a knee-joint.

Interestingly, this looks somewhat less gracile than A. afarensis, especially about the arms and shoulders, and this might support the conclusion of the discovery team, that this is a late Australopithecine, not ancestral to humans. That is, this is not a forebear, it's a cousin.

mplavcan · 30 April 2010

robert van bakel said: As a very interested lay-person, and just looking at the bones shown on the given picture, I would assume the following:1.) The skull, jaw, and teeth, are well preserved, giving 'experts'(ie. people who actually study this stuff)significant information about diet, and relative intelligence, including insights into possible language abilities; perhaps. 2.)The elongated arm and shortened leg suggest intermediate characteristics between apes and hominids; but I'll let the people that understand anatomy interpret this for me, not being an expert myself you understand.3.)But most significantly, the hip-thigh joint which suggests upright locomotion, or so I am reliably informed by experts who study this every hour, of almost every day, of their lives, and dammit, I am actually persuaded. Now, what does Mr Byers come up with? Sorry, but that ham sandwich has just got to be kicked in his nethers!
Your assumptions are right. The skull and teeth give tremendous information about diet, brain size and phylogeny. Language is tougher, though, with no study to date able to convincingly provide evidence for the origin of language on the basis of anatomical remains. As for the limb proportions, they are indeed intermediate, especially given that the individuals walked bipedally without any question whatsoever. Teeth will also give clues about rates of development and life history. There are a number of specimens that have not been cleaned and describe yet, giving some insight into variation. The creationists are just blowing smoke at this point.

raven · 30 April 2010

Now, what does Mr Byers come up with?
Many creationists claim that fossils were/are planted by god to fool humans. They used to blame them on satan but changed their story. Apparently, this gave too much power to satan and was making god look weak and lazy. So, the creationist god fools his creatures by making the 6,000 year old earth look 4.6 billion years old and then sends them to hell to be tortured for eternity when they don't believe in it. This makes the fundie xian god a sadistic, evil monster. Who has a boring existence spent planting fossils in the sometimes miles deep sedimentary rocks. It also has no sense of humor. Planting a fossil volkswagen in the Cambrian or a Neanderthal in Kansas would be amusing. Some fossils on the moon and Mars would confuse humans for centuries.

stevaroni · 30 April 2010

raven said: So, the creationist god fools his creatures by making the 6,000 year old earth look 4.6 billion years old and then sends them to hell to be tortured for eternity when they don't believe in it.
Not only that, but he makes everything work like it's the end product of a billion-year proscess, to the point that you really can't do serious medicine or agriculture or animal husbandry without treating the physical world exactly as if it is not only evolved, but as if evolution is a continuing process.

Vince · 30 April 2010

stevaroni said:
raven said: So, the creationist god fools his creatures by making the 6,000 year old earth look 4.6 billion years old and then sends them to hell to be tortured for eternity when they don't believe in it.
Not only that, but he makes everything work like it's the end product of a billion-year proscess, to the point that you really can't do serious medicine or agriculture or animal husbandry without treating the physical world exactly as if it is not only evolved, but as if evolution is a continuing process.
But you CAN do serious medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and even chemistry without even having to consider evolution AND THAT IS THE PROBLEM! Professionals of all sorts do so every day. The real question is: HOW DO YOU GET THEM TO THINK? The answer, sad to say, is that in most cases you CAN'T - and this comes after 30 plus years of trying to educate, entertain, and inculcate students in "higher education". (Can you tell I just finished grading my intro and non-major bio classes and am feeling, well, sort of depressed...).

CS Shelton · 30 April 2010

Congrats on not getting into it with the troll, folks... I know I am usually total troll-bait. It's hard to resist antagonism, but it helps in this case that it's so transparently a cry for attention. (Same off-topic subject that elicited several replies before? Really?)

On topic, nice post, Stevaroni. I dismissed the "god tricked you" theory of planted evidence so quick I hadn't noticed that obvious extension of it. The "false evidence" God or Satan or whoever planted must be ongoing...

When creationists try to pigeonhole these fossils into man or ape, what do we call it? Is there a category tag for it? It happens often enough.

Vince · 30 April 2010

CS Shelton said: Congrats on not getting into it with the troll, folks... I know I am usually total troll-bait. It's hard to resist antagonism, but it helps in this case that it's so transparently a cry for attention. (Same off-topic subject that elicited several replies before? Really?) On topic, nice post, Stevaroni. I dismissed the "god tricked you" theory of planted evidence so quick I hadn't noticed that obvious extension of it. The "false evidence" God or Satan or whoever planted must be ongoing... When creationists try to pigeonhole these fossils into man or ape, what do we call it? Is there a category tag for it? It happens often enough.
I call it the apehole...

Mike Elzinga · 30 April 2010

Vince said:
stevaroni said:
raven said: So, the creationist god fools his creatures by making the 6,000 year old earth look 4.6 billion years old and then sends them to hell to be tortured for eternity when they don't believe in it.
Not only that, but he makes everything work like it's the end product of a billion-year proscess, to the point that you really can't do serious medicine or agriculture or animal husbandry without treating the physical world exactly as if it is not only evolved, but as if evolution is a continuing process.
But you CAN do serious medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and even chemistry without even having to consider evolution AND THAT IS THE PROBLEM! Professionals of all sorts do so every day. The real question is: HOW DO YOU GET THEM TO THINK? The answer, sad to say, is that in most cases you CAN'T - and this comes after 30 plus years of trying to educate, entertain, and inculcate students in "higher education". (Can you tell I just finished grading my intro and non-major bio classes and am feeling, well, sort of depressed...).
If you want to see something really depressing, take a look at Michael Shermer’s interview with Georgia Purdom at Ham’s creation museum.

CS Shelton · 30 April 2010

Apehole? Nice one, Vince.

Hm... How about "He ain't monkey, He's my brother" ? Too long... Um, "ApeHomoSaysWhat?" no... I got nothing.

Vince · 30 April 2010

CS Shelton said: Apehole? Nice one, Vince. Hm... How about "He ain't monkey, He's my brother" ? Too long... Um, "ApeHomoSaysWhat?" no... I got nothing.
I'm beginning to think all fundies are apeholes...

Jim Foley · 30 April 2010

Thomas said: Article seems like wishful thinking. AIG hasn't changed position. AIG: When *complete* fossils are found, they are easy to assign clearly as either ‘ape’ or human... PT: In spite of having an almost complete skull of sediba, AIG still can’t decide whether it’s an ape or a human. I'd bet AIG doesn't have "an almost complete skull," or even seen more of it than the picture in the article.
The journal article contains larger photos of the skull from front, side and top. There's a chunk missing, but it's on one side so because of bilateral symmetry we do know what the whole skull looks like. It's not the fault of the skull that AIG can't work out what it is.
AIG: The bones have been examined by only one group of scientists... Creationists, in particular, do not routinely have access to such finds until much time has passed...
For good reason. Apparently these particular fossils have been shown to quite a few scientists, but you can't just walk in off the street to look at them, you have to be a qualified and competent scientist. And, sadly, no creationists qualify...

John Kwok · 30 April 2010

This is a bit off topic, but I know of a major paleontological discovery which will be published soon. Can't say anything more about it since it is embargoed news until the scientific paper is published. Will be fascinating to see how - or whether will - the usual agitprop creo mendacious intellectual pornographers (e. g. Ham, Luskin, Nelson) will react once it is published (And no, it's not another australopithecine fossil.).

W. H. Heydt · 30 April 2010

John Kwok said: This is a bit off topic, but I know of a major paleontological discovery which will be published soon. Can't say anything more about it since it is embargoed news until the scientific paper is published. Will be fascinating to see how - or whether will - the usual agitprop creo mendacious intellectual pornographers (e. g. Ham, Luskin, Nelson) will react once it is published (And no, it's not another australopithecine fossil.).
Let's see...as a prediction, that's too vague to prove either way. As an announcement, it doesn't actually announce anything. Pray tell...why did you post it?

raven · 1 May 2010

But you CAN do serious medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and even chemistry without even having to consider evolution AND THAT IS THE PROBLEM!
Well that is sort of true. You can do journeyman medicine, raise wheat, run cattle, or chemistry without knowing a thing about evolution or believing the earth is 6,000 years old. But you can't do research in medicine or agriculture without taking evolution into account. To cite just one of countless examples, we just fought a new, emerging disease, swine flu, predicted by evolutionary theory. Everyone says it wasn't all that bad. A lot of that is because we've been through this scenario many times before and are getting much better at handling new epidemics. Without the research, medicine and agriculture would still be centuries behind where they are now. You don't have to know how to build an internal combustion engine to drive a car. But someone has to know.

hoary puccoon · 1 May 2010

The very fact that people can do good work in agriculture, medicine, etc., while mindlessly reciting "the world is 6000 years old. Species are fixed," proves evolution is a fact.

True story: A member of a biblical-literalist church got the plumb job of managing a church-owned cattle ranch. Since he 'knew' evolution was 'just a theory' he 'knew' he could ignore breeding programs and save the church money by buying the cheapest bulls on the market. His boss, also a biblical literalist who supposedly didn't 'believe' in evolution, took one look and said, "Get your knife out and cut [i.e., castrate] those things. They won't even make good steers." But the manager was strong in his belief that evolution was 'just a theory.'
As a result, the ranch's calf weaning weights plummeted, the manager was fired and his boss hired a manager who denied evolution on Sunday morning, but treated it as fact all the rest of the week.

Evolution is a fact because even people who don't 'believe' in the 'theory' have to accept that it's true to get their jobs done.

John Kwok · 1 May 2010

For the very reason I gave. Am sure the creos will miss completely its significance (of which more will be known quite soon, trust me). Am eagerly awaiting whether they'll be as dense as they have been with this new hominid.

Frank J · 1 May 2010

John Kwok said: This is a bit off topic, but I know of a major paleontological discovery which will be published soon. Can't say anything more about it since it is embargoed news until the scientific paper is published. Will be fascinating to see how - or whether will - the usual agitprop creo mendacious intellectual pornographers (e. g. Ham, Luskin, Nelson) will react once it is published (And no, it's not another australopithecine fossil.).
And once again it will be up to us to choose whether to (1) show how they can't get their stories straight among themselves or (2) just dismiss them all as "creationists," and reinforce the misconception that they all believe the same fairy tale. When in reality you have everything from 6-day, 6000 year ago flat-earthers, to those who concede ~4 billion years of common descent. In fact, as one of the comments above notes, even when they do believe the same fairy tale, they can't decide whether to believe it because of, or in spite of, the evidence.

Robert Byers · 2 May 2010

robert van bakel said: As a very interested lay-person, and just looking at the bones shown on the given picture, I would assume the following:1.) The skull, jaw, and teeth, are well preserved, giving 'experts'(ie. people who actually study this stuff)significant information about diet, and relative intelligence, including insights into possible language abilities; perhaps. 2.)The elongated arm and shortened leg suggest intermediate characteristics between apes and hominids; but I'll let the people that understand anatomy interpret this for me, not being an expert myself you understand.3.)But most significantly, the hip-thigh joint which suggests upright locomotion, or so I am reliably informed by experts who study this every hour, of almost every day, of their lives, and dammit, I am actually persuaded. Now, what does Mr Byers come up with? Sorry, but that ham sandwich has just got to be kicked in his nethers!
Your persuasion comes easily. Indeed if its just about "experts" then why list points? First intelligence is not from skull size. There is no evidence that measuring heads determines intelligence. All they can do is speculate on intelligence by how close the head size is to people. Many historically did it with people too by the way. Gibberish. If legs/arms are widely not like people then they are just apes of a type. I don't know about the hip/thigh thing. However it shouldn't just suggest but determine if a creature is upright. By the way if so then by evolutionists position the women should be having pain at birth like ours and unlike apes. Drawing such great conclusions on a few skeletons is poor research. Creationists could do better as usual.

Dave Luckett · 2 May 2010

It's called "evidence", Byers. I know you don't understand the idea. Just as you can't understand the difference between expert evaluation of it and your own ignorance, prejudice and unreason.

Frank J · 2 May 2010

It’s called “evidence”, Byers. I know you don’t understand the idea.

— Dave Luckett
I notice that they always seem to know just enough about "evidence" to know never to challenge anti-evolutionists who agree with "Darwinists" that those fossils shared common ancestors. As usual, that was not meant as a compliment.

DS · 2 May 2010

Your contrariness comes easily. Indeed if its not just about “experts” then why not list points? First intelligence is not from skull size. There is no evidence that measuring heads determines intelligence, but if it is useful in distinguishing apes and humans. All they can do is speculate on intelligence by how close the head size is to people, which is plenty good enough since intelligence is not the issue. Many historically did it with people too by the way, which is irrelevant. Gibberish. If legs/arms are widely not like people then they are just apes of a type, even though they have combinations of characters that are distinctly human. I don’t know about the hip/thigh thing. However it shouldn’t just suggest but determine if a creature is upright. By the way if so then by evolutionists position the women should be having pain at birth like ours and unlike apes, which is also completely irrelevant, since this is not considered to be a species characteristic by anyone. Drawing such great conclusions on a few skeletons is poor research, so it is a good thing that we have lots of skeletons of many different intermediates. Creationists could do better as usual, but as usual they don't do anything but whine and complain.

mplavcan · 2 May 2010

Robert Byers said:
robert van bakel said: As a very interested lay-person, and just looking at the bones shown on the given picture, I would assume the following:1.) The skull, jaw, and teeth, are well preserved, giving 'experts'(ie. people who actually study this stuff)significant information about diet, and relative intelligence, including insights into possible language abilities; perhaps. 2.)The elongated arm and shortened leg suggest intermediate characteristics between apes and hominids; but I'll let the people that understand anatomy interpret this for me, not being an expert myself you understand.3.)But most significantly, the hip-thigh joint which suggests upright locomotion, or so I am reliably informed by experts who study this every hour, of almost every day, of their lives, and dammit, I am actually persuaded. Now, what does Mr Byers come up with? Sorry, but that ham sandwich has just got to be kicked in his nethers!
Your persuasion comes easily. Indeed if its just about "experts" then why list points? First intelligence is not from skull size. There is no evidence that measuring heads determines intelligence. All they can do is speculate on intelligence by how close the head size is to people. Many historically did it with people too by the way. Gibberish. If legs/arms are widely not like people then they are just apes of a type. I don't know about the hip/thigh thing. However it shouldn't just suggest but determine if a creature is upright. By the way if so then by evolutionists position the women should be having pain at birth like ours and unlike apes. Drawing such great conclusions on a few skeletons is poor research. Creationists could do better as usual.
Huh? Do you just use a word wheel to write this stuff? Have you seen ANY of the material of this or any other hominin? Have you examined ANY literature concerning brain size and intelligence? Have you seen the pelvis? Do you know any functional anatomy? The answer is clearly "no" to all these. So creationists "could do better" by essentially saying stupid and ignorant BS. Nice "science" there. You are truly arrogant.

harold · 2 May 2010

John Kwok -
John Kwok said: Don’t want this to digress into a political battle, but if you want to take a swipe at Bush, then, sadly, a virtually identical observation can be made for the present POTUS:
MikeMa said: AiG is not a scientific group but a political one. Their opinion on science is like asking George W Bush about the constitution. There is no connection.
I very, very strongly agree that this thread should not be a political battle. However, I will reply once in the interest of accuracy. President Obama is a trained attorney, who graduated from one of the nation's top law schools. It would be perfectly fair to say that you nevertheless disagree with his opinion about the constitution, or that you believe that his policies are not always consistent with his demonstrated exposure to and ability to understand the constitution. In fact, I believe the second statement myself. But to suggest that there is "no connection" between his opinions and established constitutional expertise is simply incorrect, based on his educational background and record of public statements. No more comments on this matter from me.

John Kwok · 2 May 2010

I wasn't emphasizing that, harold:
President Obama is a trained attorney, who graduated from one of the nation's top law schools. It would be perfectly fair to say that you nevertheless disagree with his opinion about the constitution, or that you believe that his policies are not always consistent with his demonstrated exposure to and ability to understand the constitution. In fact, I believe the second statement myself. But to suggest that there is "no connection" between his opinions and established constitutional expertise is simply incorrect, based on his educational background and record of public statements. No more comments on this matter from me.
In fact, one could argue persuasively that Obama's Attorney General, Eric Holder, is a better student of the US Constitution than Obama. I was thinking more of his foreign policy and military leadership experience, which, after nearly a year and a half in office, is far more deficient than what I had seen from Bill Clinton.

Alex H · 3 May 2010

Guys, PLEASE go to a different forum for political discussions.

notlucy · 23 June 2010

but my hat is off to the folks who created so much from so little.
Shucks, that ain't nothing. Just look what was done with a pig's tooth. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska_Man

MrG · 23 June 2010

Alex H said: Guys, PLEASE go to a different forum for political discussions.
Yes, let's not go running off half-kwoked again here.