The Fruitlessness of ID "Research"
Scientists point out, quite rightly, that the religio-political charade known as "intelligent design" (ID) is not good science. But how do we know this?
One of the hallmarks of science is that it is fruitful. A good scientific paper will usually lead to much work along the same lines, work that confirms and extends the results, and work that produces more new ideas inspired by the paper. Although citation counts are not completely reliable metrics for evaluating scientific papers, they do give some general information about what papers are considered important.
ID advocates like to point to lists of "peer-reviewed publications" advocating their position. Upon closer examination, their lists are misleading, packed with publications that are either not in scientific journals, or that appeared in venues of questionable quality, or papers whose relationship to ID is tangential at best. Today, however, I'd like to look at a different issue: the fruitfulness of intelligent design. Let's take a particular ID publication, one that was trumpeted by ID advocates as a "breakthrough", and see how much further scientific work it inspired.
The paper I have in mind is Stephen Meyer's paper "The Origin of Biological Information and the Higher Taxonomic Categories", which was published, amid some controversy, in the relatively obscure journal Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington in 2004. Critics pointed out that the paper was not suited to the journal, which is usually devoted to taxonomic issues, and that the paper was riddled with mistakes and misleading claims. In response, the editors of the journal issued a disclaimer repudiating the paper.
Putting these considerations aside, what I want to do here is look at every scientific publication that has cited Meyer's paper to determine whether his work can fairly said to be "fruitful". I used the ISI Web of Science Database to do a "cited reference" search on his article. This database, which used to be called Science Citation Index, is generally acknowledged to be one of the most comprehensive available. The search I did included Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. Even such a search will miss some papers, of course, but it will still give a general idea of how much the scientific community has been inspired by Meyer's work.
I found exactly 9 citations to Meyer's paper in this database. Of these, counting generously, exactly 1 is a scientific research paper that cites Meyer approvingly.
Read more at Recursivity.
81 Comments
phantomreader42 · 30 November 2009
Aagcobb · 30 November 2009
In response to "climategate" (in which stolen emails are being misrepresented as evidence of "fraud" concerning Global Warming), the Discovery Institute is calling for a massive defunding of organized science to be replaced by a system which ensures "maximal accomodation of debate". IOW the federal government should shovel money to all kooks so that we can enjoy more of the "fruits" that have been produced by the Meyer paper.
Karen S. · 30 November 2009
They like to whine that they don't get any funding for research. But does anyone know of any specific ID-related research they are seeking funding for?
John Kwok · 30 November 2009
I couldn't have asked for something more timely since I have finished reading Meyer's lamentable "Signature in the Cell" and have reviewed it over at Amazon.com. Will provide readers with a link to your excellent essay over at Recursivity. Yours is a succinct and excellent demonstration showing why Intelligent Design will never be capable of "fruitful" scientific research.
phantomreader42 · 30 November 2009
John Kwok · 30 November 2009
DavidK · 30 November 2009
But that doesn't stop Meyer and the Dishonesty Institute's anti-science media and church rhetoric. Scientists might discover the truth about them, but the public doesn't have the foggiest idea that these people are liars.
I just ran across a new Meyer diatribe in CNN.com:
http://www.cnn.com/2009/OPINION/11/23/meyer.intelligent.design/
You'll see, people will focus on the 800 "scientists" who have pledged their first born to support intelligent design.
In addition, if you look at Meyer's Signature in the Cell book, I believe he references this very same paper as being in print. He also made it available on the DI/Meyer website for anyone to view. I don't know if it's still there, but a web search shows nothing (as the paper was rightly withdrawn), which brings into question his ethics on this matter, or anything at all.
eric · 30 November 2009
Jeffrey your article makes a point that I don't think we (scientists) make enough, which is that ID is scientifically useless.
Creationists always want to discuss truth. Too often we end up chasing them down that rabbit hole instead of pointing out that true or not, scientists are right to ignore ID until ID can say something relevant to scientific practices.
If one wants truth, study philosophy or theology. Science deals in useful approximations. ID is not useful.
Mike · 30 November 2009
Mike Elzinga · 30 November 2009
Ironically, the publication of this Meyer paper, the Dembski and Marks paper, and the David L. Abel paper has produced some hard evidence of just what goes on in their minds. So I would suggest that their publication has been useful in that regard.
These papers are full of assertions, misinformation, and misconceptions that form the foundations of their thinking. Whether they really have these misconceptions or are repeating memes they want propagated in the public mind, these misconceptions have been a consistent part of ID/creationist thinking going back into the 1960s and 1970s.
When one goes through these papers, it becomes clear what their concepts of science are; and they are grotesquely wrong. We can also see the pseudo-science they construct to overcome the “problems” they attribute to the scientific community.
It appears that the fundamental misconception at the heart of Meyer’s paper is the same as in the Dembski/Marks paper and in Abel’s paper; namely that matter acts with “spontaneous molecular chaos” (to use Abel’s made-up term to describe this concept), which by definition, can produce nothing.
In each case, the term “information” is used in ways that have nothing to do with physics and chemistry; and in each case, any “scientific” modeling of evolutionary processes, whether evolution or abiogenesis, must select with uniform randomness from essentially infinite solution sets. This assures the ID/community that evolution and abiogenesis are impossible, and it constitutes, for them, the “proof” that science is wrong.
This might also explain some of the cockiness of the rube followers of these “experts” of ID/creationism; the rubes actually believe we in the science community have these concepts that they attribute to us.
Maya · 30 November 2009
Karen S. · 30 November 2009
raven · 30 November 2009
It was estimated on a recent thread that the IDists spend around $50 million/year. All of this goes for propaganda.
They spend about zero on research even though $50 million could buy a lot of research.
Not only is ID sterile, but they know it is sterile.
ID is simply a Trojan horse for fundie xian Dominionist ideology. The DI itself is funded by Ahmanson, an ugly but rich christofascist Dominionist.
Mike Elzinga · 30 November 2009
raven · 30 November 2009
The Templeton foundation used to fund the Dishonesty Institute.
They pulled out with nothing good to say about them. They called them something to the effect as a pure propaganda outfit and said they didn't want to spend their money that way.
Who does fund them are right wing christofascist extremists. This might explain why they are coming across as increasingly loony.
The latest is a Michael (in need of brain surgery) Egnor's rant about abolishing federal funding for science and kicking the scientists out on the street.
A sure recipe to turn the US into a third world banana republic soon enough. That sound you here in the background is our friendly competitor nations and enemy nations both cheering wildly. The DI future is our children working in foreign owned factories as cheap labor and crossing the border illegally to pick vegetables in Mexico.
Frank J · 30 November 2009
Even the one approving citation contains a subtle disapproval, noting that other groups are working on “emergent complexity,” while the DI is content to spin. That spin includes trying to have it both ways with EC. The DI likes to pretend that researchers in that field are “expelled” like them - when they’re not accusing them of having a prior commitment to “naturalism” like “Darwinists.”
What’s even more ominous for the DI than this dismal citation record is that, even if there were a promising alternate explanation for the origin of Cambrian phyla, it would be no Comfort to the DI’s biggest base, the ones desperately hoping for some indication that humans do not share common ancestors with other species. For the last 2.5 years I have been soliciting proposals for research in the crucial field of human origins. I can’t imagine that in all that time not one representative from any “kind” of anti-evolution activist group would not submit any idea to be reviewed by the many “evolutionists” and anti-evolutionists that frequent these boards. The only thing I can think of is that some “Darwinist” is intercepting the proposals and “expelling” their authors. ;-)
Karen S. · 30 November 2009
eric · 30 November 2009
Mike · 30 November 2009
phantomreader42 · 30 November 2009
Frank J · 30 November 2009
Mike Elzinga · 30 November 2009
Reading these papers of Meyer, Dembski & Marks, and Abel is like reading the same dime novel format; they all have pretty much the same layout and theme. They consist of several distinct parts, each carried out with grotesque excess and melodrama as though this makes each part convincing.
(1) The “lottery winner fallacy” that makes each particular biological example the goal of the lottery.
(2) Mischaracterizations and misconceptions about the laws of physics, chemistry and biology.
(3) Misrepresentation of actual scientific research and evidence.
(4) A “logical deduction” that Nature can’t do it.
(5) Assertions of “higher, transcendent” laws or being that do the job that nature cannot do, and then just make these up as though one is a legitimate authority who can do so.
It is essentially an assertion that Nature could not have done this, therefore God.
This is backwards from science, in which scientists recognize that Nature did in fact do this and then seek to understand how.
John Harshman · 30 November 2009
Paul Burnett · 30 November 2009
Wheels · 30 November 2009
DavidK · 30 November 2009
I sent CNN a response to the effect that this op-ed piece was crap & asked why CNN supported such stuff. Then again, they air the likes of Larry King. You might send them a note & ask for space for a rebuttal response. I also added a "comment" to the many folks who disagreed with that Meyer's jibberish.
DavidK · 30 November 2009
Regarding the DI's funding, I undertand that Meyer once had a Templeton grant but couldn't produce anything, so it was withdrawn. I also found out through the local paper that Bill Gates/Microsoft (or his foundation) has in the past donated to the DI. I was told they specified it was for the study of transportation issues, though I don't know that it couldn't slither down the slope to the ID side. As far as the DI's approach to transporation studies, all I've seen is that they simply regurgitate what's in the news a day or two past and make it look like it's some of their original work.
Dan · 30 November 2009
ben · 30 November 2009
Mike Elzinga · 30 November 2009
John Harshman · 30 November 2009
Miguel_G · 30 November 2009
I did a search on Google Scholar for Meyer's article and got 33 hits.
None that I could see related to biology. Many were either in populist books or from creatiost / ID publications.
To be sure I went to Google Scholars advanced search mode and limited it to biological journals.
The result?
0 hits.
DavidK · 30 November 2009
One last comment regarding CNN & their "editorial" policy. I did a search on id and came up with an interview CNN did with Richard Dawkins, so we can't really say they're lopsided.
However, I disagree wholeheartedly with the stance Dawkins and Hitchings take regarding atheism and any connection they might make between it and evolution. That feeds directly into the hands of these creationists who desperately want to stigmatize science and scientists as atheists one and all, that evolution really is religious in nature and is totally against Christianity, which is the IDiot side of of the "debate." That irks me to no end. Darwin made a point of avoiding any talk of religion and his personal beliefs as best he could. I couldn't give a damn what people like Dawkins believe regarding religion, but to me he's doing a great disservice to his cause by associating the two, it's just fodder for those creationists like at the Dishonesty Institute and elsewhere and is totally uncalled for.
Mike · 30 November 2009
robert van bakel · 30 November 2009
A change in title I suggest:
"The Fruitloops of ID Research".
Sorry I couldn't be more constructive or relevintly critical.
JohnK · 1 December 2009
The Meyers-citing creationist identified in Dr. Shallit's Example 10 has a blog entitled:
Research on Intelligent Design
To put together scientific advances from the perspective of Intelligent Design
Other than its response yesterday to Shallit, there are no entries for 3 1/2 years.
(Except one irrelevant and bizarre* tale dated 2008.
* see also previous tributes to Henry Morris, 9/11 conspiracy stuff, honoring Noah's Ark crackpot Ron Wyatt, etc.)
Torbach · 1 December 2009
i find to be a quite scientific field..
as long as you study the use of denial in primates to afford a perceived level of comfort by appealing to super-natural authority.
Barbara Forrester calls it a negative argument, its states evolution is wrong, but offers no measurable evidence as to how or why.
it is a contradiction of reason to be capable of measuring evidence from the super natural. it wouldn't be called faith if we had evidence.
John · 1 December 2009
I have recently read Dembski's book "The Design of Life" and came across something interesting. I am fairly new to ID and all that it is but as i read about Specified Complexity i found it interesting and a new way to look at science. In the book he takes something Richard Dawkins says that actually helped the thought of scecified complexity, Dawkins said:
We can accept a certain amount of luck in our explanations, but not too much.... In our theory of how we came to exist, we are allowed to postulate a certain ration of luck. This ration has, as its upper limit, the number of eligible planets in the universe... We {therefore} have at our disposal, if we want to use it, odds of 1 in 100 billion billion as an upper limit (or 1 in however many available planets we think there are) to spend in our theory of the origin of life. This is the maximum amount of luck we are allowed to postulate in our theory. Suppose we want to suggest, for instance, that life began when both DNA and its protein-based replication machinery spontaneously chanced to come into existence. We can allow ourselves the luxury of such an extravagant theory, provided that the odds against this coincidence occurring on a planet do not exceed 100 billion billion to one.
So doesn't that say that even Dawkins himself is admitting that getting too lucky is not a scientific explanation and that it all depends on the amount of opportunities allowed in order for it to be a scientific explanation. That makes me look at specified complexity a little more closely.
Rilke's Granddaughter · 1 December 2009
Rilke's Granddaughter · 1 December 2009
And since evolution doesn't depend on "luck" to operate, luck isn't part of the explanation.
John · 1 December 2009
Isn't evolution built around chance though?
phantomreader42 · 1 December 2009
Richard Simons · 1 December 2009
jerrym · 1 December 2009
John Kwok · 1 December 2009
John Kwok · 1 December 2009
Rilke's granddaughter · 1 December 2009
stevaroni · 1 December 2009
Robin · 1 December 2009
SWT · 1 December 2009
Mary H · 2 December 2009
I recently asked 2 ID proponents who were professors at SMU (chemistry I think) to please describe for me what an ID experiment would look like. Their answer was that they didn't have the money to do experiments. This despite the fact that the DI 9of which they were members) has millions of dollars to work with. The point being neither one could even tell me what an experiment would even look like much less what was being done. Talk about "fruitless"
SWT · 2 December 2009
Robert Byers · 3 December 2009
This YEC will peer-review this Jeffrey Shallit article.
First it is not scientists that say creationism in any angle is not science. The whole subject is only open to a few people to give an opinion. In trying to claim scientists in general as opposed to I.D. Jeffrey is implying these scientists have put their abilities as scientists to discover the merits of I.D. In fact few do this and the rest just parrot what they read in print.
Only people who have studied the merits of I.D can give an opinion. Not a community.
As for fruitfulness well physician heal thyself.
Evolution in its great claims is unfruitful. Save in claims.
Now I.D by nature deals with just a few areas of study in origin matters.
In fact there are few people who get paid 9-5 to do anything like this anywhere. it tends to deal with obscure subjects.
In including a creator or attacking anti-creator concepts I.D is dealing with subjects not very mainstream. No money in it.
I.D is just begun.
Trying to stop it by how much citations there are or not is a desperate act of fearful people.
I have watched origin subjects for many years and the creationist side gives good ideas and study to the other sides average or below ideas on these matters.
The reality of these top dogs in I.D is that they are getting print.
This article is case in point. The i.D ideas are that powerful and persuasive to enough people.
They matter more they dry papers no one reads.
Cheryl Shepherd-Adams · 3 December 2009
SWT · 3 December 2009
Robert, let me give you a clue here.
It's pretty clear to me that many of the posters here (myself included) are in academic positions. One of the key metrics that determines (a) if untenured faculty keep their jobs and (b) if tenured faculty get promoted is their publication record -- how many papers they have published in the peer-reviewed literature, how many other investigators cite their peer-reviewed work, and the quality of the journals in which their work appears. Shallit is simply applying the same standard to ID that academics apply to themselves.
You are incorrect when you say "I.D. is just begun." The ID movement has been around for decades. Now, when I have a new idea and get funding to explore it (and I have nowhere near the funding the DI claims for "ID research"), I need to show publishable results within a couple of years. Johnson, Dembski, Behe, Wells, Meyer, et al. been at it for decades and have yet to formulate even a clearly stated, testable hypothesis -- principally because they have not yet publicly articulated a clear and rigorous theoretical framework that correctly incorporates previously verified results.
I'm still waiting for someone from the ID camp to tell me what observations would be inconsistent with ID. I've tried, and I honestly can't think of anything that would be inconsistent with "design" as presented by, for example, Behe.
ben · 3 December 2009
Venus Mousetrap · 3 December 2009
eric · 3 December 2009
Robert Byers · 3 December 2009
Robert Byers · 4 December 2009
Robert Byers · 4 December 2009
Rilke's granddaughter · 4 December 2009
Rilke's granddaughter · 4 December 2009
Rilke's granddaughter · 4 December 2009
Mike Elzinga · 4 December 2009
Good grief; this Byers character reminds me of a guy I knew back in the 1960s who burned out his brain with methamphetamines. He ended up as an emaciated, hollow-eyed hulk barely able to speak.
Cheryl Shepherd-Adams · 4 December 2009
Cheryl Shepherd-Adams · 4 December 2009
John Kwok · 4 December 2009
John Kwok · 4 December 2009
Robert Byers · 7 December 2009
Robert Byers · 7 December 2009
Dave Luckett · 7 December 2009
Byers apparently thinks that events in the past cannot be understood from evidence. Byers is a loon, or a Poe. I vote for the latter.
Robert Byers · 10 December 2009
Dave Luckett · 10 December 2009
Byers, there's nothing special about what you call "origins issues", and the scientific method is the best and only method to study them. And Henry Morris was a fool whose mind was rusted shut from childhood.
But if "origins issues" can be overthrown by a few more facts, Byers, take your best shot. Show me a few facts - verifiable facts from nature - that can overthrow evolution. Facts, Byers, not airy vapourings about origins issues.
SWT · 10 December 2009
SWT · 10 December 2009
Timcp · 17 December 2009
Who has the authority to say what is and is not science and that science has to be "fruitful"? That sounds very theological. I know of Jesus Christ who spoke of being fruitful long before Darwin was around. You people are authoritarian and hypocritical hijackers masquerading as modern day Scientific Pharisees. Just keep making up rules people.
DS · 17 December 2009
Timcp wrote:
"Who has the authority to say what is and is not science and that science has to be “fruitful”?"
Philosophers and scientists have the authority to say what is and is not science. The government should take their advice when deciding what to include in science classrooms. Judge Jones did exactly that. Why would anyone choose to ignore the judgement of those who are actually doing the research and making the discoveries that have provided us with our modern lifestyle?
Those who pay for science have the authority to demand that the research be fruitful. It should advance our knowledge of nature and hopefully have some practical applications. If not, why would anyone want to pay for it?
You should really be asking why certain people keep bankrolling places like the Discovery Institute which does absolutely nothing to advance our understanding of anything and has never has any practical applications whatsoever. They have their reasons for wasting all that money, but those reasons have nothing to do with science.
Stanton · 17 December 2009
Dave Luckett · 17 December 2009
Observe the delightful idiocy: this loon is actually objecting to the idea that science should be fruitful.
Even funnier, he's accusing people who think it should be fruitful of masquerading as Pharisees and of adopting the same principle as Jesus: "by their fruits you shall know them".
So, we're really not Pharisees, and we are operating by a principle that Jesus endorsed, but this is authoritarian and hypocritical, and we are hijackers.
Confusion compounded with cluelessness. Each nullifies the other and leaves only a residue of inchoate malice. Risible, and pitiful.
Stanton · 17 December 2009